Monday, December 14, 2009

Ziagen (abacavir or ABC)

Ziagen (abacavir or ABC)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Pills: Adult
ZIAGEN 1 pill (300 mg) 2 times per day (approximately between 12 hours)
How many total pills / day: 2 pills
Takes ZIAGEN: with meals or without meals.
If forgot to take pill ZIAGEN : If you forget not hours
long, you can not take pills now too late. If you
oblivion too long hours later, you do not take double (2 times)
pills. Better to leave next time take pill. (1 time)
Side effects: fatigue, sore head, difficult to sleep, sore muscles,
evil heart, vomit, poop wet, not hungry, very sick, sore belly
bad throat, cough. If you feel not right ill effects occur
secondary. You should see your doctor NOW FAST.


Tips: If you feel badly hypersensitivity (very sick, evil heart
vomit, poop wet, sore stomach, very tired, sore muscles, sore throat,
cough, etc.). Better see doctor quickly. Possible danger to your life.
** Very important .**
Mixture ZIAGEN pills together with other natural
vitamin, health, illness and HIV ex. (syrup, vitamins, iron,
Tylenol, Advil, Halls, colds, etc..)? : Better demand your doctor
or pharmacy to see others take pills or not with
ZIAGEN.
Drink alcohol?: NO because it can damage the liver. Not with pills.
Where and how to keep? : You do not put bottle ZIAGEN
in bathroom or toilet. Keep between 15 and 30 ° C in dry
and dark. Children do not touch.

Sunday, December 13, 2009

Antiviral therapy

Types of drugs

Antiviral therapy (also called antiretroviral therapy or antiretroviral therapy)

Antiviral drugs slow the spread of HIV in the body because they prevent the virus from making copies of itself. If HIV is unable to make copies of itself, it begins to die - but never completely! When the amount of HIV in the blood is low, the immune system can begin to repair itself.

The types of anti-HIV most common:

* Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs): This family includes the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs);
* Protease inhibitors (PI).

There are now new families of drugs called entry inhibitors "and" integrase inhibitors ". Several companies manufacture these drugs, and everyone acts a little differently.

When your doctor prescribes anti-HIV drugs, you usually receive a combination of various antiviral drugs. They called it a "triple" or "HAART". Some people also call it a "cocktail", but there are people who hate this name because it gives the impression that it's fun to take these drugs --- and this is not true at all !

Often, this kind of combination is also called HAART (English acronym meaning Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy). It is a combination
at least three anti-HIV drugs different (three-drug combination therapy =). These treatments can help reduce the amount of HIV in your body.
Advantages of triple therapy

Disadvantages of combination therapy

* The triple therapy is very effective if you take it correctly;
* The combination therapy significantly reduced the viral load (ideally to a
point called "undetectable"). However, the fact that it is impossible to detect HIV in your blood does not mean there is more virus in your body. Even if the result is "undetectable," it remains a small amount of HIV in your blood and other parts of your body.



* Sometimes, drugs cause side effects that can make you very sick. If this happens, your doctor may try another combination of drugs. Sometimes people can do certain things to feel better, such as eating certain foods, taking medicines or natural exercise. [Read the section on complementary therapies for more information.]

Everyone is different, so you should try different things to feel better while you take drugs. This way, you can discover what works for you.

What Epivir-hbv?

Epivir-hbv is a type of antiretroviral drugs called nucleoside analogue (NRTI). Side effects The most common of Epivir-hbv may include nausea, headache, diarrhea, vomiting and weakness. However, it is noted that Epivir-hbv usually causes fewer side effects compared to many other antiretroviral drugs. This medication is usually taken at 300 mg once daily or 150 mg twice daily with or without food.

What Epivir-hbv?

Lamivudine, sold under the brand name Epivir-hbv (Epivir in the U.S.) is a type of antiretroviral medication (anti-HIV) or known as nucleoside analogue NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors). Epivir-hbv is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to treat (not cure) HIV / AIDS.

Epivir-hbv How does it work?

Before explaining the mode of action of Epivir-hbv, one must first provide a little information about HIV. When HIV infects a cell, it takes control of it. HIV then forces the cell to make many more copies of the virus. To make these copies, the cell uses proteins called enzymes. When the activity of these enzymes is reduced or blocked, production of HIV slows or stops.

Epivir-hbv belongs to a class of medications called nucleoside analogues. Epivir-hbv inhibits an enzyme called reverse transcriptase (RT) with cells infected with HIV use to make new viruses. Since Epivir-hbv inhibits or reduces the activity of this enzyme, the drug induces infected cells to produce fewer viruses.

How people living with HIV / AIDS are they using Epivir-hbv?

Epivir-hbv is used in combination with several other antiretroviral drugs, including drugs from other classes, such as protease inhibitors and / or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The associations of this kind are called HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy. For more information on HAART, see CATIE publication entitled A Practical Guide to HAART for people living with HIV / AIDS at www.catie.ca / PG_HAART_f.nsf.

For many people living with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA), the use of HAART has led to an increase in their CD4 cell count and reduced the amount of HIV in their blood (viral load). These benefits help to reduce the risk of contracting a potentially fatal infection. Or Epivir-hbv or any other antiretroviral drug that cures HIV / AIDS. It is therefore important to do the following:

* Consult your doctor regularly to monitor their health;
* Continue to practice safer sex and take other precautions to avoid passing HIV to others.

Epivir-hbv is easy to use and low toxicity, so it is one of the most frequent component of HAART. Epivir-hbv is also a component of several "fixed-dose combinations" as Combivir, Trizivir and Kivexa. These contain both Epivir-hbv and other antiretrovirals in one tablet.

Lamivudine and hepatitis B

A formulation of 100 mg of lamivudine was also approved for the treatment of chronic infection with hepatitis B. This formulation is the brand name Heptovir year Epivir HBV Canada and the United States. None of them is interchangeable with Epivir-hbv. People living with HIV and hepatitis B (HBV) should use Epivir-hbv as prescribed for the treatment of HIV. (See also section "Warnings - Hepatitis B".)

Warnings

1. Lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis

Two related conditions occurred in some individuals receiving nucleoside analogues, it is the lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood) and hepatic steatosis (accumulation of fat in the liver). These conditions can be very serious, even fatal. They occur mostly among women, the overweight or people who use nukes long. The symptoms of these disorders include:

* Unexpected tiredness or weakness;
* Nausea and / or vomiting;
* Persistent abdominal pain;
* Painful inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).

If you experience these symptoms without apparent cause, call your nurse or doctor.

2. Hepatitis B

If a person with hepatitis B takes Epivir-hbv, hepatitis can be activated if the drug is discontinued. People with hepatitis B who Epivir-hbv should be followed closely if they stop taking the medication.

Side Effects

1. General

Overall, Epivir-hbv is better tolerated than many other antiretroviral agents but can cause some side effects. Common side effects have been reported by some users of Epivir-hbv include headache, malaise, fatigue and diarrhea. Other reported effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cough. Epivir-hbv has rarely exacerbate the side effects caused by other antiretroviral drugs. Many people find that side effects caused by antiretroviral drugs diminish or disappear after a few weeks of treatment.

Among the side effects less frequent but more serious, there are peripheral neuropathy (numbness, tingling or burning in hands or feet), neutropenia (drop in white blood cells called neutrophils) and the anemia (fall in hemoglobin or red blood cell count).

2. Lipodystrophy syndrome

The term lipodystrophy syndrome, HIV refers to a range of symptoms that may occur over time in people with HAART. Here are some features of the syndrome:

* Loss of fat under the skin (subcutaneous fat) of the face, arms and legs;
* Bulging veins in the arms and / or legs due to the loss of subcutaneous fat;
* Fat deposits behind the neck ( "buffalo hump") or at the base of the neck ( "horse collar");
* Increase in waist or belly;
* Small deposits of fat on the abdomen;
* Increased breast size (females).

In addition to these physical changes, lipodystrophy may be associated with metabolic changes that are revealed in the results of a blood test. Among these include:

* Increased levels of triglycerides (lipids);
* Increased levels of LDL ( "bad");
* Increased blood sugar (glucose);
* Increased levels of the hormone insulin;
* Reduced sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance);
* Lower HDL cholesterol ( "good").

The exact cause of lipodystrophy is unknown and the syndrome is difficult to explain because its manifestations vary widely from person to person. For example, some people lose fat, others are taking and others experiencing losses and gains in fat. What emerges more clearly is that the harmful changes that occur over time in rates of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, until now the many benefits of HAART outweigh the increased risk of cardiovascular disease or other side effects.

Maintaining a healthy weight, eating habits, stopping smoking and regular exercise are all important to reduce the risk of diabetes, heart disease and complications. Follow-up visits and regular blood tests are also crucial for proper monitoring. If necessary, your doctor will be able to prescribe a treatment to lower lipid levels.

Researchers continue to study the lipodystrophy syndrome to assist PLWHA to avoid or mitigate this problem. To learn more about the management of various aspects of the lipodystrophy syndrome, see A Practical Guide to side effects of anti-HIV drugs in the CATIE website at www.catie.ca / sideeffects_f.nsf.

Limited data suggest that Epivir-hbv is likely to cause or contribute specifically to lipodystrophy.

Drug Interactions

No specific drug interaction was associated with Epivir-hbv. However, you should always consult your doctor and pharmacist about taking any other medicines, whether delivered on prescription or nonprescription, including herbs, supplements and recreational drugs.

Resistance and cross resistance

Gradually, as new copies of HIV are produced in the body, the virus changes its structure. We call these changes mutations, the mutations may allow HIV to resist the effects of antiretroviral drugs, which means they cease to act for you. The idea of combining Epivir-hbv at least two other antiretroviral drugs can delay the development of resistance.

To reduce the risk of drug resistance, you must take your HIV medications daily dosages according to the letter. If you miss or delay taken, or if you fail to comply with the requirements of your doctor, the rate of Epivir-hbv may fall too low. If this happens, resistant virus may emerge. If you have trouble taking your medicines regularly and follow the instructions, talk to your doctor or nurse. They can help you.

When HIV becomes resistant to one drug in a class, it can sometimes become resistant to all other drugs in this class. This cross-resistance. Please discuss your treatment options current and future with your doctor. To help you determine which therapies you can use in the future, your doctor may test a small sample of your blood under stress tests. If HIV eventually develop resistance to Epivir-hbv, your doctor may use resistance testing to help you build another combination of drugs.

Just a single mutation (known as "M184V") to allow HIV to gain a strong resistance to Epivir-hbv. However, in general, it is appropriate to continue treatment with Epivir-hbv even if this occurs because the virus mutant resistant to Epivir-hbv is:

* Less "fit" (it replicates less efficiently);
* Still controlled by the Epivir-hbv to some degree;
* More vulnerable to some other antiretrovirals, including AZT.

Dosage and formulations

Epivir-hbv is available as tablets of 150 mg and 300 mg as oral solution (10 mg / mL). The standard dose for adults is 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily. Epivir-hbv can be taken with or without food.

The fixed-dose combinations Combivir and Trizivir are individual tablets which contain both Epivir-hbv and other antiretrovirals, which reduces the number of pills patients must take. Combivir contains 150 mg Epivir-hbv and 300 mg of AZT in a single tablet that is taken twice a day. Trizivir contains the same combination as Combivir, and 300 mg of abacavir (Ziagen). Kivexa contains 300 mg Epivir-hbv and 600 mg abacavir.

The formulations may change and dosages may need to be customized. All medications must always be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

Accessibility

Epivir-hbv is approved in Canada for the treatment of HIV infection in adults in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Your doctor may tell you more about accessibility and repayment of Epivir-hbv in your area. CATIE has created an electronic module entitled "Access to HIV drugs: federal, provincial and territorial access to medicines" which contains information on reimbursement of drugs in Canada.

Genital herpes

Genital herpes and your sex life

People with genital herpes should be more aware and in tune with their bodies and take the necessary precautions so that they may reduce the risk of transmitting the disease to partners who have not already.

Because herpes is a highly communicable disease, even when you do not have an epidemic, it is your responsibility to be on when and how you interact with your partner. But remember that sex is not just sex. The most intimate experiences, we may have involve kissing, touching, snuggling, and hands. Genital Herpes May inspire you and your partner to think differently about sex and creativity.

You probably have many questions about how your sex life will change now. Look for areas of interest below to get some answers:
When do I not have sex?
What Is Safer Sex?
Do I always use protective barrier?
All about condom use
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When do I not have sex?

There are people who become so preoccupied with the transmission they decide they should never have sex. This choice for celibacy is a personal choice, but many people continue to be sexually active. Sexual Self-expression is a joyful and creative part of being human, and by practicing safer sex, it may be as much of your life today as it was before your diagnosis. Remember, there is no cure for genital herpes, and even with antiviral therapy, it is possible to transmit herpes to others.

The most important commitment you can do is abstain from sex completely when you encounter an epidemic. Even if you're in the prodrome stage, you should avoid sexual contact. The nerve endings just under the skin that signal an outbreak is ready to occur, causing symptoms of tingling, itching and pain. And once you develop redness and early skin is sensitive to the touch, you must take into account the active phase of infection. This phase usually follows a pattern:

The skin swells at the site and redness occur in May
A wound grows

The shell of the vesicle detaches and becomes an ulcer wet
The fluid from the ulcer dries and crusts over degraded
As the crust hardens, new skin grows in
The crust comes off or the lesion dries without ever forming a crust

The cycle usually lasts three weeks for primary infection, but recurrences may be as short as 5 to 6 days, and not everyone goes through all the steps mentioned above. However, no matter how long it takes, you should never have sex during an outbreak.

Some recurrences have few symptoms, you may have a small lump on the anus or labia or foreskin, and he could not even hurt. However, regardless of their size, the wound is still an active outbreak. Genital herpes Everyone is different, it is important that you learn to know your own symptoms. If you have any doubt as to whether or not you have a home, have no sex.
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What Is Safer Sex?

In the 1980s, when the virus began to be a problem, there was much talk of "safe sex". Campaigns to stop the spread of disease and other STDs still focused on the use of condoms (sometimes both) and a spermicide.

But the stronger sex proved to be a myth. We have learned over the past two decades, there is no sex between two people who are absolutely safe. Condoms can and do break. And for people with genital herpes, condoms do not always cover the area of the outbreak. Ideally, for comprehensive coverage, you will need to use condoms, latex gloves and latex sheets (if you are allergic to latex, talk to your healthcare professional about the protection of other barrier). It is too difficult for most couples.

So we end up with safer sex, which consists of a variety of erotic activities that are lower risk. Adopt safer sex practices and you may be more likely to protect yourself and others:

1. Limit the number of sexual partners.
2. Know as much as you can about your sexual partners. Before going to bed with someone, try to spend time getting to know him or her. You may want to discuss your sexual history.
3. Knowing how to put on and remove a condom. Practice when you are yourself and not under pressure to perform.
4. Never reuse a condom. They are designed to be held and used only once. This is true even if you have not had.
5. Try to avoid having sex when you're under the influence of alcohol. You may be less likely to use condoms effectively.

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Do I always use protective barrier?

The basic answer is "yes." To help reduce the risk of transmission of herpes to others, you should always use protective latex barrier. (Please consult your health care professional for containment methods if you are allergic to latex.) This is true even when you fail an outbreak because you may still excrete the virus in the herpes. The asymptomatic viral shedding occurs when you do not have signs or symptoms of genital herpes, but the virus is present on your skin, and you can transmit the virus to others.

Unfortunately, condoms do not always protect against genital herpes. If the wound is just a little side of the labia, for example, or further down the shaft of the penis, you will not have full coverage. You may want to use both a regular latex condom and also a female condom, which covers the entire vulva. It is also a good idea to keep gloves latex examination manual around to play safe. (Please consult your doctor for alternative barrier methods if you are allergic to latex.)

Women lesbians may choose to use a latex barrier for activities where their genitals may be in contact, you can buy sheets from latex surgical and dental supply stores or websites and cut to size . The gays should both be wearing latex condoms, even if one is infected. (Please consult your healthcare provider of health for alternative barrier methods if you are allergic to latex.)

Though are you in a monogamous relationship with someone who does not have herpes, both of you to spend some time before deciding whether or not you can wear a condom. The first year of diagnosis is when the highest sensitivity of the transmission occurs not only there will be more outbreaks in May, but there is a higher rate of asymptomatic viral shedding. May Some couples have a lower probability of transmission of the virus longer they are together. This may have to do with the sensitivity of the partner, or that the person with genital herpes is to know exactly when he or she is to have a recurrence.
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When you need a condom, you're anxious, excited, and can not be bothered with reading instructions. It would be a good idea to know exactly how to put on and remove the condom when you are calm and serene. Women and men should become experts at this skill:

1. Use latex condoms every time you have sex. Natural membrane condoms are too porous and the virus can pass through them. If you are allergic to latex, talk to your healthcare professional about the protection of other barrier. Only buy packages with expiration dates that contain the words "tested electronically. They are less likely to break under pressure.
2.
3. Never use lubricants oil based like petroleum jelly on the latex, they make condoms breaking, which means they can dissolve or crack.
4. Once you have an erection, it is time to put the condom. Any type of contact between the genitals can potentially transmit the virus.
5. Open the package and press the tip to remove any air bubbles.
6. Unroll the condom about half an inch. You can apply a little water-based lubricants. If you put lubricant inside, after penetration it will warm up, giving you more sensitivity.
7. Put the condom on the penis erect and grasp between your thumb and forefinger. If you use the type with the tip of the reservoir to catch the semen, pinch a bit to let air.
8. If the penis is not circumcised, pull the foreskin before putting the condom.
9. Keep a contact on any pitch, smooth the condom up the shaft of the penis. Scroll all the way to the summit. You can apply more spermicide and / or a lubricant water based.
10. The condom is slippery here, so when you're ready for penetration, you may need to enter the bank to keep up.
11. In case of condom breakage or tears, or it does not take place? All the way, stop. Get a new one.
12. After ejaculation, withdraw slowly. Do not wait until the penis becomes flaccid. If you do, May fluids escape the sides of the condom and your partner. Enter the edge of the condom, gently pull the penis and throw it in a plastic bag.
13. Never condoms down the toilet.
14. If you might consider having sex several times in a day or night, make sure you have supplies of condoms on hand. Never reuse condoms.

Zovirax treat herpes

Zovirax
Acyclovir (Zovirax ®) is used to treat herpes and helps heal faster and heal wounds and to give relief of pain acyclovir is prescribed to treat certain types of viral infections and may help to prevent infection from occurring. In 1977 Elion and Hitchings developed acyclovir (Zovirax), and was approved by the ADF in 1984. Generic tablets and ointment acyclovir are present in the form of tablets of 400 mg and 800 mg and 200 mg capsule and 5% (15gm) ointment.

Generic Name: Acyclovir
Brand Name: Zovirax


It is best to store acyclovir at 15 ° C to 25 ° C (59 ° F to 77 ° F). Each capsule is made of corn starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, and sodium lauryl sulfate are inactive ingredients; shell is gelatin, FD & C Blue No. 2 and titanium dioxide. Patients who are slow in showing the clinical response during treatment risk of resistance against viral infection. Buy the capsule is printed with edible black ink. It is easily available for sale in America, U.S., UK and Canada pharmacies in all pharmacies in different forms, doctors Zovirax packet and inject the drug but can not be purchased without a prescription registered .

Acyclovir can be used with meals or otherwise.it can cause kidney failure because it is mainly excreted by the kidneys. Patients must stay back to have relationships when they are visible lesions that indicate genital herpes. Continue on the use of patient organizations can generate resistance to acyclovir.

This medicine should not be used during pregnancy and are not affected by a child under 2 years. Other drugs are risperidone terazosin doxazosin